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Thursday, September 20, 2012










RADAR AND NAVIGATIONAL AIDS


Question bank

Elective
ECE & ETCE
VIII SEMESTER

UNIT 1
RANGE AND EQUATION AND TYPES OF RADAR
PART – A
1.   Define radar?                                                         
2.   What do you mean by maximum unambiguous range?
3.   What is the fundamental range equation?             
4.   What are the reasons for the failure of the simple form of the radar equation?
5.   Define minimum detectable signal?                      
6.   What are the applications of radar?                                   
7.   Define pulse repetition frequency.                        
8.   What is called a thermal noise?                             
9.   Define Signal to Noise Ratio.                               
10.  Give some examples of System Losses?              
11.        Write down the limitations MTI performances
12.        Define pulse Doppler radar                                           
13.        Define Tracking radar                                       
14.        Distinguish between a continuous tracking radar and track while scan radar.
15.        What is the Disadvantage of the Radar while using in its Tracking Mode?
16.        What is meant by sequential lobing                              
17.        What is conical scanning                                               
18.        Distinguish between Sequential & conical scan           
19.        Define squist angle                                           
20.        What is Beacons?                      
PART-B
1.   Derive the simple form of the radar equation?                              
2.   Explain the radar block diagram in detail?                        
3.   Explain about the Receiver noise and derive the signal to noise ratio?
4.   Explain the various system losses?                                                
5.   Explain about the Delay lines tracking radar?                   
6.   With neat diagram explain the operation of conical scan?            
7.   With neat diagram explain the operation of sequential lobing?    
8.   Explain the operation of monopulse tracking radar?                     
9.   Explain about the CW and pulse-Doppler radar?                         
10.        Explain briefly about amplitude and phase comparison of monopulse radar?
UNIT – II. TRANSMITTERS, RECEIVERS AND ANTENNAS
PART – A
  1. Define velocity modulation in klystron amplifier?
  2. Explain the beam loading phenomenon.
  3. Write the parameters on which bunching depend on.
  4. What is the condition for oscillation in Reflex klystron?
  5. How the klystron amplifier can act as klystron oscillator?
  6. How the klystron amplifier can act as klystron oscillator?
  7. Compare TWTA and klystron amplifier.
  8. Mention the main applications of TWT.
  9. What is the purpose of slow wave structures used in TWT amplifiers?
  10. What is the use of attenuator in TWT?
  11. What is CFA? State the applications of CFA.
  12. Define phase focusing effect.
  13. What are all the types CFA?
  14. List out various applications of Magnetron.
  15. Draw the cross sectional sketch of the coaxial cavity magnetron.
  16. What are radomes?
  17. What are the applications of Radomes? 
  18. Differentiate raw & synthetic video.
  19. What is use of Duplexer?
  20. What is PPI?
PART – B
1.   Briefly explain the operation of Klystron.                        
2.   Explain the operation of Magnetron with a neat diagram.
3.   With neat diagram explain the operation of TWT amplifiers.
4.   Explain about crossed field’s amplifiers in detail.
5.   Explain the operation of parabolic cassegrainian antenna.
6.   With neat diagram explain the operation of cosecant squares antennas.
7.   Explain the various types of CRT displays which might be used for tracking radars.
8.   What are Duplexers? Explain their significance in typical radar and its types.
UNIT – III
DETECTION OF RADAR SIGNALS IN NOISE
PART – A
1.      Define Matched filter.
2.      What is called missed detection?
3.      Draw the block diagram of a Cross correlation receiver.
4.      Define moving window detector.
5.      What is the use of likelihood ratio receiver?
6.      Define sequential detection.
7.      State optimum detector law.
8.      What is the use of logarithmic detector?
9.      Draw the block diagram of IQ detector.
10.  What is the use of coherent detector?
11.  What is meant by automatic detection?
12.  Define CFAR.
13.  What is called distribution free detector? 
14.  Define clutter map.
15.  What are all the other forms of clutter map?
16.  Define pulse compression.
17.  What are all the ways of pulse compression?
18.  Define ECCM.
19.  Draw the block diagram of FM pulse compression radar.
20.  Define range Doppler coupling.
PART – B
1.      Explain in detail about Matched – filters.
2.      With a neat diagram explain about the cross-correlation receiver.
3.      Explain the detection criterion using Inverse probability receiver & Sequential observer.
4.      Explain detector characteristics using Envelope detector.
5.      Explain about Logarithmic & I-Q detector in detail.
6.      How automatic detection using Re circulating-delay-line integrator is done?
7.      How automatic detection using Binary moving-window detector is done
8.      With a neat block diagram explain about CFAR receiver.
9.      Explain in detail about pulse compression?
10.  What are the ways for classification of targets with Radar explain?
Unit -IV
PROPAGATION OF RADAR WAVES AND CLUTTER:
PART – A
1.      What is the reason for  Plane earth problem to occur ?
2.      Draw the diagram of propagation over a plane reflecting surface.
3.      Define Brewster’s angle.
4.      What is the reason for  spherical earth problem to occur ?
5.      What are the two regions of interest in Radar propagation?
6.      Define index of refraction.
7.      Define reflectivity.
8.      Define sub refraction.
9.      Define super refraction.
10.  Define diffraction.
11.  Draw the block diagram for GTD analyzer.
12.  What is clutter?
13.  what are all the types of clutter ?
14.  Define surface clutter.
15.  Write down the surface-clutter radar equation.
16.  What is sea clutter?
17.  What are all parameters that sea echoes depends upon?
18.  What are all the ways detection of targets on sea is done?
19.  What are all the factors that affect the radar due to weather?
20.  Define equivalent radar reflectivity factor.
PART – B
1.      Explain about various problems created due to propagation over a plane earth.
2.      Explain in detail about the spherical Earth Problem.
3.      Define refraction and explain in detail about effect of refraction.
4.      Define diffraction and explain in detail about effect of diffraction.
5.      Derive and explain Surface-clutter Radar equation.
6.      Explain in detail about on Sea Clutter.
7.      Explain the ways of detection of targets using frequency and polarization in clutter is done.
8.      How scattering from rain & snow affects the effects of weather on radar? 
Unit - V
RADAR TOPICS AND NAVIGATIONAL AIDS:
PART - A
1.   Define range resolution.
2.   What is inverse SAR?
3.   Define side looking radar.
4.   Define azimuth resolution.
5.   Give the Radar equation for SAR?
6.   Define OTH.
7.   How is angle resolution determined?
8.   Define ARSR.
9.   What is air surveillance radar?
10.        What are two different types of civilian air-surveillance radar?
11.        Write the biostatic radar equation.
12.        Define LORAN.
13.        Draw the block diagram of ILS.
14.        What are the drawbacks of ILS?
15.        What are the site effects in the ILS?
16.        What are the major elements that are used in GCA?
17.        Mention the types of automatic direction finders.
18.        What are the two types of radio ranges in use?
19.        What are the sources of errors in VOR system?
20.        What is Doppler navigation?
PART - B
1.   Explain in detail about the Synthetic Aperture Radar.
2.   Explain in detail about the Over the Horizon radar.
3.   Explain with a block diagram of ASR-8.
4.   Compare biostatic and mono static radars in detail.
5.   Explain with a block diagram of LORAN operation.
6.   Describe in detail about various direction finders.
7.   Explain the working of airborne Doppler navigation.
8.   Briefly discuss the VHF Omni Directional Rang.

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