What is embedded technology?

What is embedded technology?

Virtually every electronic device designed and manufactured today uses an embedded system and virtually no person is untouched by this technology.

An Embedded System is any electronic system that uses a A computer chip but that is not a general-purpose workstation, desktop or laptop computer. It is a combination of hardware and software which creates a dedicated system that performs specific, pre-defined tasks and which is encapsulated within the device it controls.

Such systems use microcontrollers (MCUs), microprocessors (MPUs) or custom-designed chips.

Embedded Systems were initially used for large, safety-critical applications such as rocket and satellite control.

Today, they are at the core of every modern electronic device from toys to traffic lights to nuclear power plant controllers. These processors help run factories, manage weapon systems and enable the worldwide flow of information, products, and people.

Embedded Systems have evolved from the stand-alone single-processor computers of the eighties to the special-purpose sophisticated fixed-function multi-processor systems of today. These systems will become even more important in the
future.

About ECE Department

                                                    About ECE Dept

 The Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering was established in the year 1998 in Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow campus.

The department has well equipped Labs as Communication lab, Advanced Microprocessor Lab, Electronics circuit Lab, Microwave Lab, Electronics CAD lab, Digital/analog circuits lab, Optical fiber communication lab, and VLSI. 

The department has highly educated Faculty members having a vast experience in their field. The department has a well-balanced workforce having experience in academics and in Industries. Students are given education as well as training exposure in order to get placed in highly reputed Industries.

Symbiosis between placement cell and the Department help the students to achieve the best of the Jobs of their careers. Proper Industrial interaction is given to the students by organizing National level workshops in the Campus. IDE_XPO and TECHNO_BLAST are few of the mega events organized by the Department in the past years. In these events eminent personalities from industry and educational institutions were invited to the campus for student’s interaction and guidance. The students had presented their talents in the form of practical projects and papers, which were seen and assessed by the invited personalities; they also had an interaction directly with the students in which they suggested measures to further improve the quality of the creativity.

Exposure as well as training is provided to the students for advanced studies and various guest lecturers and Mock campus interviews are conducted time to time to facilitate the students and create awareness. 

The Department has signed MOUs with various organizations to provide real time training to the students in the field of advanced communications. Indian Telephone Industries, Mankapur is one of such organization, which is imparting quality education in GSM to the students from past three years.

Consultancy work is also being done in the department to share the facilities and infrastructure with different organizations and government bodies. Uttar Pradesh Police and Lucknow Cantonment Board, Lucknow are few organizations in which consultancy has been provided by the Department.

Industry visits and practical projects are also encouraged by the department in various sectors, students are taken out to industries for practical understanding of the technology. To name a few, visits are made on frequent basis to organizations such as NEDA Lucknow, Reliance Infocom, BSNL, Vodaphone, ITI Limited etc.

The students of the department have proven the quality of education provided to the by receiving awards in National as well as International level competitions such as in IIT Delhi, IIT Kanpur, IIT Mumbai etc. They have also received ranks (In top 10) on state level in the Uttar Pradesh Technical University results of engineering examinations. To add on the feathers in the cap students are also placed in reputed companies such as INFOSYS, Tata Consultancy, Patni Computers, ST Microelectronics, AIRTEL, Vodaphone, Reliance Industries, ITI Limited, BSNL, NTPC, HCL, Wipro, Oracle, Microsoft, etc. Students have got selected for advanced studies in IITs, MNITs,IIMs and various reputed B-Schools of the country as well as abroad.

The Department has a very rich history of its providing technical education in the field of Engineering and its achievements in a small span of six years of establishment. With the support of the excellent Management of the Institute and the strong backbone of the Faculty and staff we place the department in one of the best in the Institute as well as the country in coming times.

worldcup 2011

Electronics & Communication Engineering: MODES OF 8254 6 DIFFERENT MODES

Electronics & Communication Engineering: MODES OF 8254 6 DIFFERENT MODES

MODES OF 8254 6 DIFFERENT MODES

                 MODES OF 8254   6 DIFFERENT MODES

  

                                MODE 0 : Interrupt  on Terminal Count

•                     In this mode, initially the OUT is low.

•          Once the count Is loaded in the register, the counter is decremented every cycle and when the count reaches zero, the OUT goes high.  This can be used as an interrupt

•          The OUT remains high until a new count or a command word is loaded.

                                 MODE 1: Hardware – Retriggerable One-Shot

•          In this mode, the OUT is initially high

•          When the Gate is triggered, the OUT goes low, and at the end of the count, the OUT goes high again, thus generating a one-shot pulse

                                   MODE 2 : Rate Generator

•                This mode is used to generate a pulse equal to the clock period at a given interval.

•          When a count is loaded, the OUT stays high until the count reaches 1, and then the OUT goes low for one clock period

•          The count is reloaded automatically, and the pulse is generated continuously.

•          The count = 1 is illegal in this mode.

                            MODE 3: Square-Wave Generator

}         In this mode, when a count is loaded, the OUT is high.

}  The count is decremented by two at every clock cycle, and when it reaches zero, the OUT goes low, and the count is reloaded again.

}  This is repeated continuously; thus a continuous square wave with period equal to the period of the count is generated

◦       The frequency of the square wave is equal to the frequency of the clock  divided by the count

                      MODE 4: Software Triggered Strobe

•          In this mode, the OUT is initially high; it goes low for one clock period at the end of the count.

•          The count must be reloaded for subsequent outputs.

                        MODE 5:Hardware Triggered Strobe

                  Thus mode is similar to Mode 4, except that it is triggered by the rising pulse at the gate

•          Initially, the OUT is low, and when the Gate pulse is triggered from low to high, the count begins.

•          At the end of the count, the OUT goes low for one clock period.

Implementation (contd)

                                               Implementation (contd)                      

                            

                                 CLAC                        Clear Accumulator

                                STAC total           Store value 0 to address total

                                STAC i                    Store value 0 to address i

       Loop:                LDAC i                  Load contents of address i into accumulator

                                INAC                      Add 1 to the accumulator

                                STAC i                    Store result from accumulator back to address i

                                MVAC                   Move result from accumulator into Register R

                                LDAC total           Load Total into accumulator

                                ADD                       Add contents of Register R and accumulator

                                                          and store it in accumulator

                                STAC total           Store Total back to address total

                                LDAC n               Load n into accumulator

                                SUB                        Subtract R (R = i) from AC (AC = n)

                                JPNZ Loop           If result is not zero then jump back to loop:

SEMESTER-VI MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER (IT) QUESTION BANK

                                    VINAYAKA MISSIONS UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SEMESTER-VI

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER (IT)

Question Bank

UNIT I

Part A - 2Marks

1.                  What is assembler?

2.                  Write short notes on bus? Mention name of few buses.

3.                  Mention about Microprocessor? Write the basic units of a microprocessor?

4.                  Describe ALU and its function.

5.                  Mention uses of Accumulator

6.                  List out the features of 8085 Microprocessor.

7.                  What is the important of READY signal in 8085 Microprocessor.

8.                  Differentiate stack and stack pointer.

9.                  List the various instructions that can be used to clear accumulator.

10.              Mention addressing modes. Of µp 8085.

11.              Write short notes on Instruction set?

12.              Explain briefly about instruction cycle?

13.              What are the basic units of a microprocessor?

14.              Define opcode and operand.

15.              Give the instruction set of µp 8085.

16.              Write a note an timing diagram of µp 8085

17.              How fetch and execute operations are performed in 8085?

18.              Mention  the functions of   IO/M in 8085.

19.              Draw the flag registers of 8085 and give its function.

20.              List out the uses of AC Flag in 8085?

21.              Write Short notes on interrupt?

22.              What the important of DMA process?

23.              Short note on vectored and non-vectored interrupt?

24.              List the various instructions that can be used to clear accumulator.

25.              Mention  the functions of  HOLD and HLDA in 8085.

Part B – 12 Marks

1. With a neat sketch, discuss the architecture of Intel 8085, bringing out its salient features.
2. Explain in detail with example the different addressing modes of µp 8085

3.   Explain the various Data Transfer and Logical instructions available in 8085
microprocessor.

4.  Explain the instruction set of 8085.

5. Draw the pin diagram of 8085 µp and explain the function of each pin.
6. Discuss the function of following

(i) General purpose registers.

(ii) Timing and control unit

              

7. Describe in detail about the special features of 8085 µp compared with generic µp.
8. Discus about the following

a.       Flag register in 8085 CPU.

b.      Register in 8085 CPU.

9. Write a program for addition of 16 bit numbers.
10. Write a program for converting a binary   numbers to BCD numbers.

UNIT - II

PART   A             2 Marks.

1. How 8086 differ from 8085?
2. What is pipelined architecture?
3. How queue is implemented in 8086?
4. Mention the difference between segment register and general purpose register?
5. List the segment registers of 8086.
6. Write short notes on BIU and EU?
7. Draw the Flag Register of 8086 and give its function?
8. When Overflow Flag will be set in 8086 flag register and give its function?
9. List out the types of instruction format in 8086?
10. Mention the different types of addressing modes?
11. Discuss shortly about based indexed and relative based indexed addressing modes?
12. What is the use of PUSH and POP instruction?
13. Give the function of XCHG and XLAT instruction?
14. Write short notes on Assembler Directives?
15. Give an example for assembly format.
16. Mention few precision arithmetic operation
17. Discuss about subroutine.
18. Mention the use of EXTRN, PUBLIC assembler directive?
19. Write the function of following instructions (i) MOV [SI], DL (ii) SHR AX and
20. How many interrupts are available in 8086, list them?
21. How the interrupts can be masked/unmasked in 8086?
22. Give the use of TRAP interrupt?
23. Which techniques are used to pass parameters in PROCEDURES?
24. Define MACRO?
25. How we passing parameters to a MACRO?

PART   B                                                                         12 Marks.

1. Draw the architecture of 8086 and explain the same along with its feature?
2. Explain in detail about the different types of instruction format?
3. Explain in detail about the different types of instruction set?
4. What are the different types of addressing mode supported by 8086? Explain each of them with suitable examples. 
5. Explain Assembler Directive and Operator in Detail?
6. Explain about PROCEDURES?
7. Explain briefly about the MACROS, also defining & passing parameters 

to a MACRO.

8. Explain about interrupt and interrupt service routine?
9. Explain in detail the operation of the following instruction.
1. LHLD Add
2. XCHG.
3. LDAX B
4. DAA
5. LXID 16 bit
6. CMA

10.  Explain the bit format of flag register in 8086.

UNIT - III

                                 PART   A                  2 Marks.

1. Mention the use of READY signal?
2. List the uses of following signals:   DEN and DT/R?
3. Discuss the use of ALE pin signal?
4. What is the need for timing diagram?
5. Draw the table of indication of the status lines S0, S1, S2?
6. Write short notes on minimum mode of operation?
7. Discuss shortly about maximum mode of operation?
8. Mention about polling? What are the different types of Polling?
9. Define LATCH.
10. Mention about Bidirectional Buffers?
11. Discuss briefly about multiprocessor system.
12. Give the advantage of multiprocessor system.
13. List the advantage of loosely coupled configuration.
14. Mention about Bus arbiter and give its function?
15. What is meant by mutual exclusion?
16. Write short notes on Dead Lock and how it is avoided?
17. List out the uses of TEST signal?
18. Mention the combinational use of A0 and BHE signal?
19. When a system is called as Multimicroprocessor System?
20. Write short notes about Shared Bus and Multiport Memory?
21. What is Bus Window?
22. List out the different types of configurations available for multimicroprocessor based upon physical interconnections?
23. What is Distributed Operating Systems?
24. List out the types of Arbitration Schemes?
25. What is the Bus arbiter? What is the function of it?

PART   B             12 Marks.

   

1.      Describe briefly about the signal descriptions of 8086?

2.      Explain in detail about the Special processor activities?

3.      Draw and explain a block diagram showing 8086 in minimum mode

 configuration?

4.      Draw and explain a block diagram showing 8086 in maximum mode

 configuration?

5.      Explain about interconnection topologies?

6.      Explain software aspects of Multimicroprocessor Systems?

7.      Briefly Describe about Coprocessor?

8.      Explain in detail about Bus Arbitration and control?

9.      Explain the types of Arbitration Schemes?

10.  Explain briefly about the Design of a PC based Multimicroprocessor System?

UNIT   IV

Part    A – 2 Marks

1.                  Mention different data transfer schemes.

2.                  Write short notes on synchronous and asynchronous data transfer scheme?

3.                  Differentiate between Synchronous and Asynchronous data transfer?

4.                  Discuss shortly about DMA controller? And its importance.

5.                  Write the features of 8251 programmable communication interface?

6.                  Compare the memory mapped 1/0 and standard 1/0 mapped 1/0.

7.                  Differentiate latches and buffers.

8.                  What is Key Bounce? How is it achieved?

9.                  List out the use of MODEM in serial communication?

10.              Discuss about IC 8251

11.              Mention the applications of 8279?

12.              List the features of 8279?

13.              Explain briefly about the term 2 KEY lockout & N Key rollover?

14.              Mention the function of the signal ADSTB in DMA controller?

15.              How programming of 8279 for encoded scan and decoded scan will differ?

16.              Write short notes on debouncing?

17.              List the control words of 8251A and Give its functions?

18.              What is USART? Mention the functions performed by INTEL 8251A?

19.              Explain briefly the term baud rate?

20.              Give the different scan modes of 8279?

21.              State the functions performed by port-C of8255?

22.              Mention the operating modes of port -A 8255?

23.              Write a note on interrupt controller?

24.              List some of the features of INTEL 8259 (Programmable Interrupt Controller)

25.              Write short notes on standard 1/0 mapped 1/0.

     

      Part    B – 12 Mark

1.                  Discuss the different data transfer schemes in detail.

2.                  With a neat diagram explain the function of IC 8212.

3.                  Explain About programmable interrupt controller 8259A.

4.                  Explain About DMA Controller Of 8257.

5.                  Explain the functions of IC 8279 key board / display controller with a block diagram.

6.                  Draw the architecture of  IC 8255 and explain its function.

7.                  Draw the interfacing diagram of an ADC with μp8085 and explain.

8.                  How can a DAC be interfaced with μp8085? Discuss with a neat sketch.

9.                  Explain the Modes operation of 8255 in detail?

10.              Explain the transmission & reception of serial data using 8251 indicating the 

function of various register in it? And list some features of 8251?

UNIT – V

Part   A – 2 Marks

1.      Write short notes on microcontroller?

2.      Mention few functional unit of 8051 micro controller.

3.      Describe some features of 8051 microcontroller.

4.      Write about the registers used in microcontroller 8051.

5.      Mention the addressing modes of 8051 microcontroller.

6.      Give examples for register addressing mode for 8051 microcontroller.

7.      Write a program to subtract the contents of R1 of Bank0 from the contents of    R0 of Bank2.

8.      List out the types of power saving modes?

9.      Mention about idle mode of 8051?

10.  Mention about power down mode of 8051?

11.  Write few applications of microcontroller.

12.  Explain briefly the function of DJNZ instructions of  Intel 8051microcontroller?

13.  Discuss shortly the contents of the accumulator after the execution of the following program segments:

MOV A, #3CH

MOV R4, #66H

ANL A, R4

14.  State the function of RS1 and RS0 bits in the flag register of Intel 8051 microcontroller?

15.  Write a program using 8051 assembly language to change the date 55H stored in the lower byte of the data pointer register to AAH using rotate instruction.

16.  Give the alternate functions for the port pins of port3?

17.  Specify the single instruction, which clears the most significant bit of B     register of 8051, without affecting the remaining bits.

18.  Explain briefly about serial data buffer.

19.  State the function of the pins PSEN and EA of 8051.

20.  Discuss shortly about the 16-bit registers DPTR and SP of 8051.

21.  Name the special functions registers available in 8051.

22.  Write short notes on timer registers.

23.  Explain briefly about the term PSW.

24.  Compare Microprocessor and Microcontroller.

25.  Name the five interrupt sources of 8051?

Part   B – 12 Marks

1.      With a neat sketch, explain the functional block diagram of microcontroller.

2.      Briefly write about the instruction set of MC 8051 with example.

3.      Explain about Signal Descriptions of 8051.

4.      Explain the Register set of 8051.

5.      Describe the operational features of 8051?

6.      Explain with few example

(i)           Bit manipulation instruction

(ii)         Program flow control instruction

(iii)       Instruction for logical operation

7.      Explain in detail about interrupts of 8051?

8.      Explain the various addressing modes in 8051?

9.      Explain about the design of a 8051 based length measurement system?

10.  Explain about Memory and I/O addressing of 8051.